Essay about Renewable Energy Systems - 1760 Words

Until the 70’s, renewable energy systems were widely considered minor and declining power sources (Maugh, 1972). Since then, palpable advances in technologies, to produce an array of renewable energy-products (see Pandey, 2009), together with the promise of jobs and higher aggregated value to rural activities (see Domac, Richards, Risovic, 2005), â€Å"greatly contributed to revise this setting† (Cowan, 2002; Petroleum, 2009; Sims, Hastings, Schlamadinger, A. Taylor, Smith, 2006). Change started at a slow but steady pace, led mainly by the successive development of the economies of South-East Asia and Brazil. However, it was only with this decade’s instability and overall rise in fuel prices, amid concerns of climate change (Cox, Betts, C.†¦show more content†¦Moreover, many economic-stimulus bills have been introduced globally with mechanisms supporting investments in Renewable Energy Projects. â€Å"By early 2009, policy targets existed in at least 73 countries from which at least 64 had policies to promote renewable power generation, including 45 countries and 18 states/provinces/territories with feed-in tariffs† (REN21, 2009, p. 8). Accordingly, related RD has been intense and diverse, ranging from the exploration of innovative renewable sources to new types of conversion technologies. Such advances have been accelerating the diffusion of renewable energy systems, reducing costs, and enabling new application scenarios; thus promoting a fast-pacing expansion cycle of the sector. Today there is no shortage of interest and demand for REPs. Since 2004, global annual renewable energy investments have increased 400% to US $120 billion in 2008. While solar photovoltaic capacity augmented sixfold to 16 gigawatts per year, wind-power increased 250%, to 121 gigawatts. Regarding renewable liquid-fuels, ethanol production doubled to an annual capacity of 70 billion liters, while annual biodiesel production jumped from 02 to 12 billion liters. Consequently, there was an increase in total energy production from renewables by 75% during the period, to 280 gigawatts (see REN21, 2009). A recent study by the U.S. Government (Clarke et al., 2007) forecasted that global annualShow MoreRelatedSolar Renewable Energy System1621 Words   |  7 PagesIn brewing industry, 80% of overall final energy consumption is used in the form of thermal energy where solar thermal can be used for brewing processes as below: steam generation, malting process, stopping germination of grains, air cooling, conservation with hot air, power supplying of washing machines, wither and kiln processes. Malting plants and breweries consume heat for their thermally driven processes at temperature level ranges between 25 °C to 120 °C. It seems feasible to supply heat at thisRead MoreHybrid Renewable Energy Systems Techno Economic Analysis Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesHybrid renewable energy systems, combining various kinds of technologies, have shown relatively high ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Received 2 February 2015 Received in revised form 8 June 2015 Accepted 18 September 2015 Available online 11 November 2015 Keywords: Hybrid renewable energy systems Techno-economic analysis Wind turbine Photovoltaic Fuel cell Contents capabilities to solve reliability problems and have reduced cost challenges. The use of hybrid electricity gen- eration/storage technologies as off-grid stand-aloneRead More4.1. Overview of the tradable green certificates system The support system for renewable energy in600 Words   |  3 Pages4.1. Overview of the tradable green certificates system The support system for renewable energy in Romania, i.e. quota system with tradable green certificates, was launched in 2004 in order to achieve two goals: to reduce the prices for consumers and to protect the generators of renewable electricity. Wind energy, solar energy, biomass, micro hydro and geothermal energy are all sources of energy that can be supported by this system [68]. The trading of green certificates is ensured by OPCOM (greenRead MoreDisadvantages with Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into National Electric Grid Systems589 Words   |  2 PagesDetail the disadvantages with integrating renewable energy sources into national electrical grid systems. However, this information is collected through different scientific sites and books. With all of that, this report focusing points will be on environmental impact of the Renewable energy (solar, hydro, wind, geothermal and biomass) which will show the costs involved, and load balancing. Main Body However, there are many disadvantages of renewable energy in low density and variability and alsoRead MoreExperimental Evaluation Of A Power Management System For A Hybrid Renewable Energy System With Hydrogen Production1552 Words   |  7 PagesExperimental evaluation of a power management system for a Hybrid Renewable Energy System with hydrogen production Mauricio Higuita Cano Hydrogen Research Institute and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Università © du Quà ©bec à   Trois-Rivià ¨res, Trois-Rivià ¨res, Quà ©bec, G9A 5H7, Canada (e-mail: Mauricio.Higuita.Cano@uqtr.ca) Kodjo Agbossou Hydrogen Research Institute and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Università © du Quà ©bec à   Trois-Rivià ¨res, Trois-Rivià ¨resRead MoreNotes On Renewable Energy Systems2782 Words   |  12 Pages7405ENG Renewable Energy Systems 7405ENG Renewable Energy Systems Assignment 2 Submitted to Prasad Kaparaju Course convenor By submitting this report I hereby state: ï‚ · That all items included in this report are solely my own work, unless I have clearly stated or referenced them. ï‚ · I am aware of the university’s policies regarding academic integrity and the penalties that could be enforced if I fail to comply. Submitted by Chirantan Patel S2930078 2 | P a g e 7405ENG Renewable Energy Systems TABLE OFRead MoreUsing Renewable Energy Systems ( Ac )2416 Words   |  10 PagesSummary: At present, most distributed renewable energy systems produce direct current (DC) electricity which is then inverted to alternating current (AC) and fed into the electric grid. Simultaneously, many modern building loads and storage systems use rectifiers to convert AC grid electricity to DC for use at the load or battery. Onsite use of renewable energy production therefore requires two energy conversions: DC/AC at the point of generation and AC/DC at the load. The Bosch DC Building ScaleRead MoreAnaerobic Fermentation A Superior Alternative For Renewable Energy Systems Essay2255 Words   |  10 Pagesbiogas contains characteristics like renewable fuel and a high-energy that can be used as a replacement for fossil fuels. Biogas engines helps to recover waste management, as well as it also used to generate an economical energy supply. The decomposition of putrescible organic material is used to formed biogas. Biogas combined heat and power or cogeneration, usually in a biogas engine, for the production of useful heat and electricity, at high efficiency. Energy distributor Clarke is of GE JenbacherRead MoreA Brief Note On Hydro Quebec And The Largest Electricity Company1630 Words   |  7 PagesHydropower is one of sustainable energy resources and it plays a very important role to protect our environment.The company was founded in April 14, 1994. After more than seventy years’ development, about 99 percent of electricity that Hydro-Quebec generated is by Hydropower. Hydro-Quebec’s research institute (IREQ) which is in charge of technological innovation advantages Hydro-Quebec compare with other electricity company. Why Energy consumption is Important? Energy consumption is bound tightlyRead MoreRenewable Energy And The Global Warming1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe Earth is dying at an extreme rate and will continue to do so unless we switch to renewable energy, to help fight and prevent the effects of using fossil fuels. Many people will say that we need to switch to renewable energy and that our planet is suffering from global warming, while others will say that global climate change is a natural occurring event that does not to be worried about. Many people in the modern generation have grown up with a big emphasis on how we need to change our daily

The At The Stones River Battlefield - 1229 Words

On April 19th I recently decided to go to the Stones River Battlefield. In the beginning I honestly was very interested in going to somewhere I had been to before, but then I realized that I could use some new information in my life. I have recently be to the Parthenon in Nashville, and I like it there also, but I am glad that I got the chance to go to the battlefield. However, when it comes to history a part of me find it very hard to retain the information I have learned, and the other half of me see it kind of boring. The more and more I visit places to see and do hands on things for myself, the more it helps me understand what I have learned. With this being said, I am very glad to have attended the battlefield. Amongst my visit, I was a little confused on what I was doing, but I decided to get out of the car and proceed walking to the building. When I entered the building there was a tall guy who greeted me, he wore an outfit similar to a boys scout leader. He then asked me if it was my first time attending and I said yes. There was a couple coming through the door, so he greeted them both and then told us a little about the exhibit. He then instructed us on how to see all of the exhibit and gave us a map/brochure. I then walked away and started to look around on my own. At first what caught my attention is the models and some of the things written on the walls. I then noticed that even though I was reading it, I was not retaining the information, so then I started toShow MoreRelatedStones river battlefield Essay793 Words   |  4 Pages Stones River Battlefield In close proximity to Middle Tennessee State University, lies the Stones River National Battlefield, Where students and others may enjoy exercising, viewing wildlife, or learning about the history behind this amazing place. Many men on both sides of the controversy died at this site. The park is in a beautiful setting that shows respect for the enormous sacrifices made by so many. Many trails have been made to allow visitors to walk through all areas of the battlefieldRead MoreStones River Battlefield Review791 Words   |  3 PagesI visited the Stones River Battlefield located in Murfreesboro, TN. I chose this locating, because it was close and convenient for me to explore in-between classes one day. I actually learned quite a bit about the land and what took place there in 1862. Some information was giving to me shortly after I enter their visitor center, and I was guided in the right direction to help me with my paper. I didn’t prepare myself too much prior to my visit, due to the fact I really had nothing in mind thatRead MoreA Study On Stones River National Battlefield862 Words   |  4 PagesThe historical site I selected as the subject of my study was Stones River National Battlefield. This paper concerns my experience researching the site, in addition to my experience visiting the site. First, I will explain my reason for choosing the site. Second, I will discuss preparation for my visit. Third, I will give a description of the site. Fourth, I will explain what makes the site historic. Fifth, and finally, I will discuss my impressions of the site. A number of years ago, I performedRead MoreA Brief Note On Stones River National Battlefield1106 Words   |  5 PagesStones River National Battlefield Stones River Battlefield was an obvious choice for this assignment. I live and study in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. I know that there is a lot of history in the area, but it is not often that we encounter this history on a daily basis. It is important to know about the history because it helps us to understand the present and the culture of any area. I found that this battlefield was actually very important to the events of the Civil War, therefore, I knew that thisRead MoreA Brief Note On Stones River National Battlefield1717 Words   |  7 PagesStones River National Battlefield is located at 3501 Old Nashville highway in the city of Murfreesboro. I found out about it because it s very close to my house so that made me very curious. I checked the website first and I saw pictures of the park’ it looked so beautiful, so I called to see what time they are open and if it is free entrance; my curiosity was fulfilled after I made some time from school to go visit the place FOR FREE . I was excited to go see what is this park about and learn someRead MoreThe ancient Roman army was one of extreme power and excellence. To be a Roman soldier meant to be600 Words   |  3 Pagesmuch more professional and controlled. The men of the Roman legion, which is a great number of soldiers, soon became the monarchs in heavy infantry at time when heavy infantry ruled the battlefield. The ability to modify and improve weapons, tactics and strategy proved them to be resourceful on and off the battlefield. The soldiers signed a contract to fight and were not allowed to marry while in service but were paid. Only men were allowed in the Roman army. Each Roman soldier was a Roman citizenRead MoreA Brief Note On The Battle Of Antietam1367 Words   |  6 PagesThis engagement occurred in a 24-acre cornfield. These were the most deadly hours of the battle; over 8,000 casualties were killed at this time. As Union General Joseph Hooker later wrote, It was never my fortune to witness a bloody, dismal battlefield in that nature. In the first hour of the battle in the Cornfield, the slaughter was so intense that one man fell, was killed or wounded every second. By 10 am, Union troops overtook the Cornfield, but the Confederates remained on the field. JustRead MoreThe Homefront And The Battlefront1266 Words   |  6 Pagesthe specifics of the battle. As casualties grew more numerous the families’ concern only grew stronger. The war was expected to be short and for there to be few c asualties. By the end of 1862, the phenomenal bloodshed at the battles of Shiloh and Stones River had cruelly shattered this illusion. People had to come to terms with a scale of warfare and a level of suffering never deemed possible for America. Both the north and the south had to pick up slack around the home. The women and children hadRead MoreFrancis Clayton, A Brave Woman Soldier1080 Words   |  5 Pagesby side with her husband until he was killed on December 31, 1862 during the Battle of Stones River. It is said that Clayton stepped over his body and continued to fight. Another battle she is known to have fought in was the Battle of Fort Donelson in Tennessee on February 13, 1862. It is reported that she was wounded three times and even taken prisoner once. In addition to her courage on the battlefield, she was brave in concealing her identity. Francis Clayton played the role of Jack WilliamsRead More Battle of Bull Run Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pages In Virginia the first battle of the Civil War was fought, near Manassas, Virginia railroad junction, after which the battle is called (or First Bull Run, named after the flowing stream on the battlefield, if of the Union point of view). The armies in this first battle were not prodigious by later Civil War principles. The Federal services under Brigadier General Irvin McDowell were well thought-out into four divisions, of about 30,000 men. These divisions were commanded by Tyler, Hunter, Heintzelman

Do You Think Mankind Is Born Evil or Good Free Essays

Do you believe that mankind is born good or evil? I believe that mankind are born to be good, but to be taught good or evil as they grow up. It depends on how their life was or how their parents taught and treated them. There is no such as thing being born evil only being born innocent. We will write a custom essay sample on Do You Think Mankind Is Born Evil or Good? or any similar topic only for you Order Now When people are born into this world, they are born innocent and new. Innocence, to me can be seen as good. They are babies, knowing nothing, not even evil . Then they grow and learn and begin to think about behavior. The things they are taught as they are young, and the people they know do much to shape their personalities and awareness. People become aware of what is good or bad partly through experience and mistakes in early stages of childhood development, partly through what they are taught, and partly through their own conscience telling them. If you think back to the first punishment you remember having, do remember why it happened? Do you think what you did was evil? Evil has to do with the heart and mind choices we make in thought and in deed. I believe that we are all born innocent, but are able of giving in to evil, especially in weak moments. Those who continue fighting against that evil, no matter how hard it may be or how many times we may fail, are still fighting the good fight. As I have expressed through my paper, mankind is not born evil, but they are born innocent. Not knowing a thing, good or evil. Evil grows in you as you grow up and make mistakes in your childhood. Trying to fight the bad and attempting to be good is innocent. Most bad or evil choices are made by your conscience. So Mankind is not born evil, but good. How to cite Do You Think Mankind Is Born Evil or Good?, Essay examples

Innovatory Devices of Style in Katherine Mansfields Bliss free essay sample

An evaluation of the importance of innovatory devices of style observable in Katherine Mansfields Bliss as an example of Modernist literature. This essay explores and evaluates Katherine Mansfields literary style with reference to her short story Bliss. It discusses the ways in which Bliss demonstrates her desire to break with the past and experiment with new methods of writing. The paper evaluates the story as an example of Modernist literature and reviews Mansfields importance in the Modernist movement. The paper also provides a detailed analysis of Mansfields original and distinctive delivery of the short story. `An important figure in the modernist movement, Katherine Mansfield was a highly experiential writer who sought to find new ways of representing the world. The beginning of the twentieth century was a time of terrific change due to technological advances, scientific theories and capitalism. The First World War compounded this disturbance and literally shattered the universal values which held society together. We will write a custom essay sample on Innovatory Devices of Style in Katherine Mansfields Bliss or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Society was left fragmented and disillusioned and the Modernists felt that the traditional mode of representing the world in literature, specifically realism, was outdated and no longer appropriate. Mansfields short story Bliss, 1918, demonstrates the desire to break with the past and experiment with new methods of writing which would express this transformed society more aptly.`

Example Of Scientifi Method Essays - Atmospheric Thermodynamics

Example Of Scientifi Method Scientific Method ? Deforestation in Rhondonia, Brazil Observation: In one of the major regions of deforestation, the province of Rhondonia, Brazil, the rainfall has been severely and or completely stopped. Theory: As the tropical rainforest of Rhondonia, Brazil is leveled for farmland, rainfall is significantly and directly reduced. Rainfall is reduced because there are fewer trees to return water vapor to the air through tree transpiration, or water evaporation through trees. Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air compared with the amount of vapor needed to make the air saturated at the air's current temperature. The point past saturation is precipitation, or rainfall. If deforestation is the cause of decreased rainfall, then decreased average relative humidity will be evident. Experimental Design: In order, to isolate deforestation as the primary factor causing decreased rainfall, tests will be conducted to measure relative humidity. A sling psychrometer will be used to gain these measurements. http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/HYGROMT.HTM It is used to measure the amount of moisture in the air. The dry-bulb thermometer measures the air temperature, and the wet-bulb measures the lowest temperature that can be obtained by evaporating water into the air at constant pressure. A calculator will be used to convert to relative humidity. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/elp/wxcalc/rh.html El Paso National Weather Service Office's weather calculator This converter will take the wet-bulb temperature, the air temperature and the current uncorrected pressure and calculates the relative humidity and dewpoint. Please enter your air temperature and then choose either Fahrenheit or Celsius. Fahrenheit Celsius Please enter your wet-bulb temperature and then choose either Fahrenheit or Celsius. Fahrenheit Celsius Please enter your actual station pressure (not sea level pressure) and then choose either millibars or inches of Mercury. Millibars Inches of Mercury Relative humidity measurements will be taken every day for one year. The measurements will be taken at different stations in the rainforest. Four stations will be located no further than 10 miles from current areas of deforestation. Four other stations will be located at the interior of the rainforest, and at least 50 miles from recent deforestation. After these measurements are taken, they will be analyzed in three different ways. Run Experiment: The daily measurements were tracked for one year. Comparison 1 - The recent relative humidity measurements of the rainforest will be compared to previous figures of relative humidity. The average off all relative humidity measurements will be compared to the relative humidity of the rainforest before this experiment. Comparison 2 ? Recent relative humidity measurements of different regions of the rainforest will be compared. Measurements from areas near to sites of deforestation will be compared to measurements from sites further from areas of deforestation. Comparison 3 ? Measurements towards the end of the study will be compared to measurements at the end of the study. Average relative humidity measurements for the first month of the study will be compared to the average from the last month. Analysis: Comparison 1 - Taking the average of all measurements and comparing it to the average relative humidity from the prior year it was found that the average relative humidity had dropped one percent. Comparison 2 ? Taking the average of each stations relative humidity, it was found that all stations within 10 miles from deforestation had an average of two percent lower that stations at least 50 miles from deforestation. Comparison 3 ? Taking the average relative humidity for the last month from all stations and comparing it to the first months average it was found that the average had dropped .5 percent over the year. Conclusion: The findings suggest that deforestation is affecting the amount of rainfall in Brazil. The deforestation will not only continue to affect rainfall but will lead to increased global warming as evaporative cooling decreases. Evaporative cooling takes place when solar energy, or heat, is used to convert water from trees to water vapor or humidity. Science

Heathcliff Characterization Quotes Essay Example

Heathcliff Characterization Quotes Essay Example Heathcliff Characterization Quotes Essay Heathcliff Characterization Quotes Essay Ive no more business to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven; and if the wicked man in there had not brought Heathcliff so low, I shouldnt have thought of it. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him; and that, not because hes handsome, Nelly, but because hes more myself than I am (86). Catherine admits to Ellen that she loves Heathcliff but cannot think of marrying him because he has been degraded by Hindley. Heathcliff hears this speech, and he leaves Wuthering Heights, not to return for three years. ) Nelly, I see now, you think me a selfish wretch; but did it never strike you that if Heathcliff and I married we should be beggars? whereas, if I marry Linton, I can aid Heathcliff to rise, and place him out of my brothers power? (87). Catherine tells Ellen what she believes will happen with her marriage and her relationship to Heathcliff. She really believes that her marriage to Linton will end up helping Heathcliff, which of course it does not. 3) My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods; time will change it, Im well aware, as winter changes the trees.My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneatha source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff! Hes always, always in my mindnot as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being (88). The extent of the love between Catherine and Heathcliff is shown here. Heathcliff says similar things throughout the novel. 4) Id as soon put that little canary into the park on a winters day, as recommend you to bestow your heart on him!Hes not a rough diamonda pearl-containing oyster of a rustic: hes a fierce, pitiless, wolfish man (109). Although she loves Heathcliff, Catherine realizes the man he has become and strongly advises Isabella against getting involved with him. Isabella thinks Catherine is only jealous, and does not heed her advice. 5) You teach me how cruel youve been cruel and false. Why do you despise me? Why did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have not one word of comfort. You deserve this. You have killed yourself. Yes, you may kiss me, nd cry, and wring out my kisses and tears; theyll blight you theyll damn you. You loved methen what right had you to leave me? What rightanswer mefor the poor fancy you felt for Linton? Because misery, and degradation and death, and nothing that God or Satan could inflict would have parted us, you, of your own will, did it. I have not broken your heartyou have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine (170). As Catherine is ill and dying she blames Heathcliff for her suffering, but he tells her that it was she that left him and that all blame for their sorrow is hers. ) Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living! You said I killed youhaunt me, then! The murdered do haunt their murderers. I believeI know that ghosts have wandered on earth. Be with me alwaystake any formdrive me mad! only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh God! it is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul! (176). Heathcliff passionately pleads for Catherine not to leave him after she has died. 7) I recovered from my first desire to be killed by him-Id rather hed kill himself!He has extinguished my love effectually, and so Im at my ease (182). Isabella has finally escaped from Heathcliff and from her love for him. She says this to Ellen as she is about to leave for another part of England. 8) The task was done, not free from further blunders, but the pupil claimed a reward, and received at least five kisses which, however, he generously returned. Then, they came to the door, and from their conversation, I judged they were about to issue out and have a walk on the moors (321).In the end of the novel Catherine has given up on being an enemy of Hareton, and instead teaches him to read. The two are friends and are engaged to be married. 9) My old enemies have not beaten me; now would be the precise time to revenge myself on their representatives-I could do it, and none could hinder me. But where is the use? I dont care for striking, I cant take the trouble to raise my hand. (336) Heathcliff has given up on revenge, as no longer has the will for it. It is only because of this that he is able to see Catherine again. 0) But the country folks, if you asked them, would swear on their Bible that he walks. There are those who speak to having met him near the church, and on the moor, and even within this house. Idle tales, youll say, and so say I. Yet that old man by the kitchen fire affirms he has seen two on em looking out of his chamber window, on every rainy night since his death. (349). Ellen tells Lockwood about the how the country people and Joseph have seen the ghosts of Heathcliff and Catherine walking on the moors.

Networks and The Tokugawa Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Networks and The Tokugawa Period - Essay Example This put the Japanese society at the same development level with the European societies of that time. Although the governance in Japan then was full of corruption, inequality and lack of justice, Iceman argues that the network revolution that came during this time led to the improved forms of transport and communication improving trade and economic activities of the area. It also improved freedom and general interaction between people from different backgrounds bringing about unity. Depicting evidence from the books â€Å"Proving the Way conflict and practice in the history of Japanese Nativism†, by Mark McNally and â€Å"Bonds of Civility Aesthetic Networks and the Political Origins of Japanese Culture†, by Eiko Ikegami we discover that one of the networks important to the Tokugawa people was the aesthetic horizantal network. This aesthetic horizontal network culminated from the fields of art and also in the political world in the Tokugawa era. These horizontal network s were associated with seated arts (Za), Linked Verse (renga). For example, linked verse events, occasions and ceremonies were carried out in the shade of cherry blossoms (hana no moto renga). This gatherings were considered sacred and and therefore were linked with their higher deities. Another important network was the vertical networks which were in harmony with the belief of muen. This allowed people who had different social standings in the Japanese society or individuals from varying social classes to gather together and partake in poetry sessions with no special treatment being offered to anyone. Another good example of these vertical networks was the popularity of the wild, unbounded and radical dancing that was practiced by these Japanese people which were orchestrated by sanctified madness known as (Kuruu). This dancing through vertical networks had spread through the Japanese community due to the vertical networks.In 1603, Tokugawa defeated his adversaries and he started an empire which prolonged till 1868. Over 260 years, peace has prevailed in japan, whereby lhe started Edo, which marked the beginning of Kanto. Tokugawa regime reigned supreme via complex unions having 250 lords, some closely related to Tokugawa. Each retained its own cities and as a rule, some cities maintained a high caliber, of socio-economic and heritage autonomy. In town areas, various cultures and trends sprung up such as sumo wrestling, geisha entertainers, and karate and kabuki drama that all originated from urbanization hence making the japan towns to be at an advantage over the Europeans in development, but still yet japan were short of political prowess in accordance to their socio-economic and heritage gains. Within the horizontal and vertical networks people practiced poetry, theatre, painting, Ikebana, tea making, Bonsai, poetry in form of Joruri, calligraphy and music. During this period, their practices were lesser subjected to beliefs and religion. Their practices were not based on their religion and their belief in spirit sand magic as it was with their predecessors. In the Tokugawa aesthetic network they practiced a lot of arts. Artists began to commercialize their practice whereby they sharpened their skills and began to make money out of their works. This was due to the commercialization of various activities during this period. Tokugawa social dynasties and social quo started

Concreate Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Concreate - Assignment Example The study also takes into consideration, the different types of Portland cement from type I to V. In the concrete mix preparation, the strength and consistency of the concrete will be measured. This will enable the engineers to do necessary adjustments to regularize the range of strengths and elasticity. From the observations made in the general properties of the concrete mix, it is necessary to take note of the troweling feasibility of using the concrete. In order to ascertain determine whether the troweling is workable or not, the property test will require working with a trowel on the concrete. The quality of the concrete is measured by how smooth it was to work on it. If it requires so much strength to work on then the trowel workability is troubled, and will be assigned either fair or poor rating. The concrete is produced in different layers, each layer containing unique composition of materials. The third layer is overfilled for the sake of consolidation. The final stage is to finishing the upper layer using the tamping rod as well as the trowel to smoothen it. This is then followed by covering the upper layer to ensure there is no evaporation. Temperature and moisture require careful treatment and observation since they directly affect the strength of the concrete. Before com pressing and testing the concrete, one has to take the measurement of the radius and the diameter of concrete using calipers. The cylindrical concrete is measured in the middle at 4 points on its circumference. Just prior to the testing and compression, the engineers cap each end of the concrete to allow uniform spread of weight when a load is applied to it. Concretes are made into different shapes and compression failure modes to strengthen them. The shapes include full shear, splitting (columnar), shear cone, cone splitting and local shear wedge. The variables to

Integrated Marketing Communication and Information Technology Research Paper

Integrated Marketing Communication and Information Technology - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that with the development of Internet technology consumer’s behavior, lifestyle and expectations have changed dramatically, thus making marketers and other professionals adjust to these changes. All these changes have been transformed into special subject known as Integrated Marketing Communication. Nowadays, in order to be successful, many companies have successfully adopted the principles of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC). The American Association of Advertising Agencies defines IMC as a â€Å"concept of marketing communication, which sees the added value in an all-inclusive plan†, whereas the strategic importance of various communication tools (such as advertising, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing) taken into account. This approach allows marketers â€Å"to ensure clarity, consistency and maximum communication impact†. One of the companies who has adopted IMC to its strategy is global com pany Samsung. In October 2011 Samsung rolled out Galaxy Note – the smartphone with a screen diagonal width of 5, 3-inches. These sizes of the smartphone were quite unusual and made it be perceived as a hybrid between the smartphone and tablet. There were many skeptics who were doubtful about the success of this particular product due to its unusual sizes. However, the company has achieved fabulous success having sold five million units of the Galaxy Note in the first five months. The launch of the second version of the Galaxy Note with 5,5-inches screen also has proved to be successful, as global sales have reached 10 million in the second half of 2012. The success formula of the Galaxy Note was comprised of three main factors, including the following: technological advancement, global operations and branding of Samsung, and unique marketing strategy.

Family Support Programme for ICU Patient Relatives

Family Support Programme for ICU Patient Relatives Constantin Vintilescu From DNP Online Community Davidson, E., Daly, J., Brady, R. Higgins, P. (2010). Facilitated Sensemaking A Feasibility Study for the Provision of a Family Support Program in the Intensive Care Unit. Critical Care Nurse Journal 33 (2) 177-189. Introduction / Purpose Evidence has shown that family members of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients develop anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress syndrome -like symptoms. Paparrigopoulos (2006), Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) (2006) and the Society of Critical Care Medicine recommend family-centered care, but few studies demonstrate successful interventions to â€Å"decrease the ad ­verse psychological effect of critical illness on the family.â€Å" (Azoulay, 2005) This project served to examine the feasibility of such interven ­tions, and as a pilot program to investigate research procedures before the design of a controlled trial. Derived from business leadership models, â€Å"Facilitated Sensemaking,† provided the theoretical framework for the interventions: family members experience a disruption in their lives when a loved one is admitted to the ICU; they adjust with a compensatory process that may be influenced by nursing interventions. Methods The ‘Family Support Pro ­gram’ was developed consisting of personalized instructions delivered a clinical nurse specialist, and a family visiting kit in zip-locked plastic bag consisting of: a workbook including program introduction and instructions, cognitive recovery activities, activities to perform at the bedside including passive range of motion exercises, and personal care items. The program was offered to 30 consecutive families in a 32 bed â€Å"mixed-use ICU. All participants were English-speaking adult family members of mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients. To evaluate feasibility, data was collected on program acceptance, time of personal instruction, use of items in the family visiting kit, and family perception of program usefulness. In piloting the research procedure: a Family Sup ­port Program evaluation, and adapted Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (aCCFNI) was administered and psychometric properties of the instrument the reliability and validity of the questioner and scoring method were assessed. A convenience sample is a study of subjects taken from a group that is conveniently accessible to a researcher. One advantage of this is that it is easy to access, requiring little effort and time. This sampling method suffers from a major disadvantage in that it is not an accurate representation of the population, which can skew results quite radically. Use of a convenience sample is quite popular and prevalent, however, and it can be valid under certain conditions. Biases and Flaws Any number of biases can occur in a convenience sample. By selecting from a specific population such as students enrolled in Sociology 101, people visiting a mall between 10:00 am and 2:00 pm on Saturdays, or library patrons, the study inadvertently excludes a great deal of the population. Choosing only students in a particular classroom at a certain university can easily exclude certain portions of the general populace, such as children or those without the financial means to attend the school. Such exclusions are not always a problem. For example, a study on library patrons could easily take a convenience sample of people at a certain library and generalize the results. On the other hand, a study on social attitudes toward people with disabilities should not use only the students in a sociology class, which does not necessarily represent an accurate cross-section of the population. This inability to accurately generalize the results of such a group makes it ineffective for many studies. Researchers who want more valid results typically take a probability sample, which attempts to get an accurate representation of the population. It is not generally possible to study everyone, but it is possible to randomly assign people to a study with an eye toward retaining a balance of characteristics seen in the population in general. For example, organizations that conduct political polling usually try to draw on a large database of people and select subjects randomly. This randomization increases the chances of a more accurate pool forming to produce results that can be better generalized. If a convenience sample is used, researchers typically disclose this fact. Good research usually includes a detailed overview of the sampling techniques used, so that people reading about it have a better understanding of how it was conducted. When revealing that a convenience sample was used, the researcher may also present justifications for its use and defend its accuracy. Evaluation / Analysis Standard statistical methods were applied using SPSS. Each aCCFNI item was ranked in order of importance using a weighted average analysis to measure â€Å"the importance of the need and how well that need was met† (Davidson 2010). The Family Sup ­port Program evaluation questioner was in the same way analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results Of the thirty family members approached for the Family Support Program, all consented to participate. 22 surveys were returned. Quantitative analyses of the aCCFNI results determine all 45 needs had some importance. Likewise, all items offered within the family visiting kits were found useful to some fam ­ily members. 42 Referrals to ancillary services were made for the 30 family members. Discussion / Conclusion Like previous research, this study demonstrated the importance of each of the 45-aCCFNI needs. A list of top 10 needs was also identified and corresponds with work by other researchers. Several non-generalizable opportunities for unit-specific performance improvement, including parking and other transportation related areas of stress were identified. 27% of family members who participated in the study did not to complete the surveys. The authors speculate that, â€Å"the early critical care period may be too stressful to concentrate on writing.† Only two family members were observed writing in the provided workbook even though the workbook was reported as helpful on the program evaluation questioner. The authors point-out similar phenomenon demonstrated in the literature (Kloos 2008). The small sample size was identified as a study limitation. Results of this study are â€Å"also limited to English-speaking adult family members of mechanically ventilated patients† (Davidson 2010). The contents of the family visiting kits were re ­fined with feedback received from family members during the study. It was suggested to build a ‘family supply cart’ to wheeled around the unit and offer supplies to family members. Operational issues During the study, many unit-specific issues arose regarding current practice and were for ­warded to the leadership team for action. For example, while screening patients for inclu ­sion into the study, the investigator discovered that many patients did not have family mem ­bers or visitors. A visiting ministry to meet the social needs of those patients has been suggested. Nurses and families alike were unaware of the hospital’s family room in the medical li ­brary equipped with an Internet-connected computer and handy hot-linked Web sites as well as novels. Because of study refer ­rals, the librarian reported an increased use in the family room (M. Robinson, personal oral communication, September 30, 2007). An informational sheet of family-friendly med ­ical information sites was prepared for in ­clusion in the visiting kit and later use. A note card explaining library services was de ­veloped, printed, and stocked in the waiting areas. As found in studies by Lautrette et al,31 Melnyk et al,14 Jones et al,13 and Kloos and Daly,33 family members appreciate supportive interventions that are multimodal in nature, both verbal and written. In this study, families also self-reported and it was observed that tac ­tile interventions using common household items for hands-on bedside activities were a welcome addition to the family support services. CONCLUSION The Family Support Program based on the model of facilitated sensemaking is not only feasible but also helpful to family members of mechanically vented, adult ICU patients. The demonstrated reliability of the aCCFNI supports its continued use in identifying im ­portant needs and evaluating whether those needs are met for families of ICU patients. An overall score weighting importance and needs-met for each item aided in ranking op ­portunities for improvement. Future research is warranted to continue evaluation of the Fa ­cilitated Sensemaking theory and measure ef ­fect of these interventions on outcomes (eg, anxiety, depression, symptoms suggestive of risk for posttraumatic stress). Inclusion of this nursing intervention is warranted to assist family members in communicating with the patient as part of the list of bedside activi ­ties. Future study design should be expanded to other cultures or patient groups. Educa ­tional programs targeted to provide instruc ­tion f or nurses on how to include family mem ­bers into daily practice are also warranted. The time the lead investigator spent per fam ­ily in supportive interactions appeared rea ­sonable for inclusion into the bedside nurse’s practice. Feasibility was further supported in that family members accepted and used the inter ­ventions that were based on concepts of the Facilitated Sensemaking model. Information to assist with decoding by explaining equip ­ment, alarms, and surroundings was notably accepted. Instructions for interacting with or assisting ICU patients were appreciated. The provision of personal care supplies was found to be most helpful and useful. Verbal instruc ­tions and hands-on activities were preferred over journaling activities. References Azoulay, E., Pochard, F., Kentish-Barnes, N. et al. (2005). Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members of intensive care unit patients. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine .171 (9): 987-994 Paparrigopoulos, T., Melissaki, A., Efthymiou, A. et al.(2006).Short-term psychological impact on family members of intensive care unit patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research.61 (5):719-722

Government and Politics - The War in Iraq and the Bush Administration E

The War in Iraq and the Bush Administration My great, but imperialist nation is at war again. And it's the hottest reality TV program ever conceived! I find it interesting that protestors in Chicago marched on the home of the ad exec responsible for the new "Army of One" campaign. The people on the street, or in the streets as is the case here, know how false that message is and they're taking matters into their own hands. In "Masters of War," Bob Dylan attempted to put a face on the enemy next door. Today, in this time of instant and often wireless communication, we not only have the face, we have all the digits that go with that face and the ability to direct an activist movement at this "target" within hours, if not minutes. Welcome to the hyperlinked Internet Age, an age of honesty and sharing for the common good. I've got CNN on in the other room and from time to time I feel the need to see what they are entertaining the viewers with. Explosions! Explosions make for great TV, as Hollywood continues to prove. The other thing CNN, MSNBC, FOX, and CNBC are overwhelming...

Lockie Leonard Proflie Essay

Lockie Leonard is 13 year old boy but he turns 14 in the book. He lives in a small town called Angelus with his family of 5, his dad’s name is Sarge and his mum’s name is Joy, he has a little brother and sister named Phillip and Blob. Blob is just a todler who can not walk or talk yet, Phillip thinks heis a mad scientist and likes to check girls out â€Å"A note from the teacher saying that he was obsessed with sex†p. 184, and he also still wets the bed and he is 11 years old. His best friend is Egg but he moved away, but they still talk by letters. Lockie is in love with Viki Streeton, according to him she is the hottest girl in school. His mum was depressed and crying all the timeand no one had any idea what was going on especially Lockie, Lockie was very troubled by this he was confused. Joy used to do all the things around thehouse like clean, wash and cook dinner but after she left Lockie had do all these jobs. In doing all these jobs and doing them well and his mum being sick Lockie and Sarge grew closer in there relationship in trusting each and talking to each other. After a while in hospital his mum was gradually getting better, Lockie went to talk to her every day because he missed her and wanted to make sure she was alright. Eventually she got out and she was felling great and had never felt better so Lockie’s life was back to normal, his mum was alright and his relationship with his dad was great and him and Viki had sort of started things again so it was going perfect.

The Definition of Psychological Realism

The Definition of Psychological Realism Psychological realism is a style of writing that came to prominence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  It’s a highly character-driven genre of fiction writing, as it focuses on the motivations and internal thoughts of characters to explain their actions. A writer of psychological realism seeks to show not only what the characters do but also to explain why they take such actions. Theres often a larger theme in psychological realism novels, with the author expressing an opinion on a societal or political issue through his or her characters. However, psychological realism should not be confused with psychoanalytic writing or surrealism, two other modes of artistic expression that flourished in the 20th century and focused on psychology in unique ways. Dostoevsky and Psychological Realism An excellent example of this genre (although the author himself didn’t necessarily agree with the classification) is Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment. This 1867 novel (first published as a series of stories in a magazine in 1866) centers on Russian student Radion Raskolnikov and his plan to murder an unethical pawnbroker. Raskolnikov needs the money, but the novel spends a great deal of time focusing on his self-recrimination and his attempts to rationalize his crime.   Throughout the novel, we meet other characters who are engaged in distasteful and illegal acts motivated by their desperate financial situations: Raskolnikovs sister plans to marry a man who can secure her familys future, his friend Sonya prostitutes herself because she is penniless. In understanding the characters motivations, the reader gains a better understanding of the conditions of poverty, which was Dostoevskys  overarching goal.   American Psychological Realism: Henry James American novelist Henry James also used psychological realism to great effect in his novels. James explored family relationships, romantic desires and small-scale power struggle through this lens, often in painstaking detail.   Unlike Charles Dickens realist novels (which tend to level direct criticisms at social injustices) or Gustave Flauberts realist compositions (which are made up of lavish, finely-ordered descriptions of varied people, places, and objects), James works of psychological realism focused largely on the inner lives of prosperous characters. His most famous novels- including The Portrait of a Lady, The Turn of the Screw, and The Ambassadors- portray characters who lack self-awareness but often have unfulfilled yearnings. Other Examples of Psychological Realism James emphasis on psychology in his novels influenced some of the most important writers of the modernist era, including Edith Wharton and T.S. Eliot. Whartons The Age of Innocence, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1921, offered an insiders view of upper-middle-class society. The novels title is ironic since the main characters of Newland, Ellen, and May, operate in circles that are anything but innocent. Their society has strict rules about what is and isnt proper, despite what its inhabitants want.   As in Crime and Punishment, the inner struggles of Whartons characters are explored to explain their actions, while at the same time the novel paints an unflattering picture of their world.   Eliots best-known work, the poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, also falls into the category of psychological realism, although it also could be classified as surrealism or romanticism as well. Its definitely an example of stream of consciousness writing, as the narrator describes his frustration with missed opportunities and lost love.

History of the Times essays

History of the Times essays The main topic that this book made me think of was the creation of the universe and, more specifically, the precise definition of forever. How can forever be forever? If forever was created at a specific moment, then there had to be something before forever, therefor forever could not be considered forever. If forever was not created at a specific point in time, then it was obviously never created, therefor there is no such After reading A Brief History of Time, I have come up with a theorie about how the universe was created and how it will eventually end. Both of these theories have similar properties but two very distinct differences (the first theory predicting the end of forever, and the second predicting the infinite continuance of forever). I am a firm believer in the "Big Bang" theory, so both of my predictions about forever rely heavily on the fact that the "Big Bang" theory is true and the fact that we have an expanding/contracting universe. If you do not believe in these two theories, please disregard the following few paragraphs or so because you will probably believe that they are untrue. My first prediction of forever creates the universe with the "Big Bang." In the beginning of time, our universe was an infinitely small point, compressed within an unthinkably small volume. I dont feel the need to explain what triggered the "Big Bang" and why it occurred because I am already assuming that this theory is true. After the universe was created, matter instantaneously began to expand and everything was thrust outward, away from ground zero. As time progresses, the speed at which our universe expands decreases at a slow, but constant rate. I think that this rate is directly related to the ratio of the amount of mass and total gravitational force in our universe compared to the initial force at ...

Describe only four (4) factors that create a current account deficit Essay

Describe only four (4) factors that create a current account deficit. Leave a space between each factor - Essay Example Deficit therefore implies that the value of the payment for the imports is greater than the receipt from the exports. The factors responsible for a current account deficit are:- Decline in domestic savings The domestic savings of a country is the path of increasing investments as in economics savings is considered to be identical to investments. If there is a continuous decline in the savings of a particular country then the scope of investment will causes an increase in the real interest rate of the country. Increase in the domestic interest rate (real) in turn attracts more foreign investment in the country as the scope of return is expected to be high. With increasing foreign investment the demand of the home currency in the foreign exchange market also increases because of the need of  Ã‚   currency conversion. This creates an upward pressure on the value of the domestic currency in comparison to the foreign currencies. Moreover, with the decrease in savings as a percentage of the total Gross Domestic Product of the country, consumption increases. Thus the demand for goods and services in the economy increases and if the domestic producers fail to meet up the increasing domestic demand of the country the import of the country increases resulting in a deficit in the current account. (Arnold).

Strategic growth of ethical fashion in the luxury market Case Study

Strategic growth of ethical fashion in the luxury market - Case Study Example Recently, since the year 2005, ethical issues such as child labour, sustainable fashion, green issues, fair trade etc have gradually started to catch the attention in the UK fashion industry, when many high street brands started to catch up with the fair trade trend. One of the biggest retailers in the high street, 'Topshop' has started to collaborate with 'People tree'; which is a pure ethical brand, and launched ethical fair trade range in the year 2007. During the same time, young UK fashion designers created a new range of clothing for an established, sustainable fashion label in a competition from the 'Make Your Mark in Fashion' campaign which aims to encourage an enterprise culture among the UK's youth in London. Also, during the same period of time 'Marks and Spencers' which is a ultimately potential retailer in the UK fashion industry, has started 'Plan A' which covers green issues, fair trade, organic material etc. Their slogan 'We do it, because you want us to do it and we think it is the right thing to do.' This indicates that the major factor which constrains their business is their end consumers. Finally the ethical boom trickled down to 'Primark' which is the low end high street brand. 'Primark' has been voted as the least ethical clothing retailer in the UK, according to a survey by 'The Times Newspaper' in 2007. Also they started to lose 42% of their customer once a UK the television show; 'Panorama rightly' exposed 'Primark' as using child labour to make their cheap clothing. Eventually, in 2 the year 2008, 'Primark' has launched a fair trade organic range which contains T-shirts and jeans. Moreover, many organizations related to the ethical issues were found and are showing a rapid growth every season. In recent times fashion industry focused on 'Green Issues' with increasing awareness of the environmental problems and retailers in search of fair trade cotton could see a significant increase in its availability and

The power of optimism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The power of optimism - Essay Example One also realized that through personal experiences, as well as the experiences relayed by other people, there are valid supports to the contention that the power of optimism is real as it could open more opportunities that could lead to success. First and foremost, one affirms that I am an optimist, by nature. However, I am also a realist. In facing different situations, I assume a positive stance that everything would come out right. If they don’t, I believe that the challenges are made to be encountered to learn something new and good from them – thus, still making us better in the end. I have proven the power of optimism through the experience of my aunt. After a decade of productive career as a bank manager, she lost her job at the midst of a great financial strain since her husband had been diagnosed with diabetes and chronic kidney failure and they have six children to support. Fortunately, she was also an optimist. Rather than being depressed, anxious, and troubled, she sought to find other employment opportunities that would enable her to work at home and attend to both her husband’s and children’s needs. She acknowledged that since more opportunities are being made available through the online medium, she could use her skills in becoming a freelance writer. She eventually found a job as a freelance writer; doubled and even tripled her earnings, and was able to do everything without having to leave the comforts of their home. As such, the loss of one job was viewed, not as an end of a career; but as a blessing in disguise. Through the power of optimism, she did not lose hope in finding a more productive employment which enabled her to address their financial needs, the health requirements of her husband, and the educational support for their six children. Clearly, the power of optimism brings forth new

Work In Health Care Administration Essay Example for Free

Work In Health Care Administration Essay The health care field is one of constant growth and change.   As the face of health care changes, through privatization, the influence of HMOs, and individuals with doctorates of nursing practice challenging medical doctors in some fields of care, the health care profession can be a volatile place indeed.   That volatility not only increases the number of opportunities open to the health care professional, but it also makes the health care industry an exciting place to be in the upcoming decades. Available Opportunities According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2007) a total of approximately 248,000 positions were available to health care administrators in 2004.   Continued rapid growth is expected to continue until 2014 (pars. 24-25). Working as a Health Care Administrator Health care administrators have opportunities largely divided between hospitals and nursing care facilities. These facilities are classified by size.   Administrators in large facilities often have assistant administrators working as direct reports, who handle the daily decision making in their particular areas such as nursing, medical records, and so on.   Administrators of small facilities are more involved in day-to-day activities, including personnel management, admissions, and even in resident care (pars. 4-5). Necessary Education Careers in health care administration require an individual to have at least a bachelor’s degree for entry-level positions in smaller facilities (par. 19).   Larger facilities usually require a master’s degree or higher for these positions.   These same degrees may also be needed for advancing at smaller facilities. Jobs in health care administration health are often open to such individuals or individuals who have risen through the ranks of other areas in the industry and have received special training in administration tasks (par. 19). Pros and Cons Due to the expanding job market in the health care field, in large part due to the aging of the American public, many jobs will be available in the future.   Health care administrators work long hours, in part due to the around the clock nature of the field.   In addition, travel to attend meetings or to inspect other facilities might add to the number of expected work hours.   As with any job in the health care industry, this career path has the possibility of being highly stressful.   Health care administrators may or may not share an office with others of their staff (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2007, pars. 14-15). Salary and Benefits According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2007) the annual salaries for health care administrators range from approximately $41,000 to approximately $117,000, with a median salary of about $67,000.   This median varies between facilities and services, starting at about $60,000 for home health care services to about $87,000 for individuals who work for the Federal Government (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2007, par. 31). Analysis The health care industry appears to be a good one to enter during the next seven or so years.   The industry will continue to broaden with the introduction of new technology and improvements in drugs and care techniques created by interdisciplinary research.   Current health care administrators will need to continue in their educational pursuits to remain competent in the field, while the minimum educational requirements for entry-level positions may continue to climb. A career in health care administration may offer a wide variety of potential experiences for a person interested in the field, depending on the size of the facility at which he or she is employed and based on the facility placement in either the public or private sector.   While health care administration field appears to make great demands on individuals interested in working in the field, the potential for good earnings is high.   Jobs are available in many areas of specialization in health care administration, which may open the field to individuals of varied interests, strengths, and skill during years to come.   Reference Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational outlook handbook, 2006-07 Edition, Medical and Health Services Managers.   Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos014.htm

Psychological Analysis of Crash (2004)

Psychological Analysis of Crash (2004) Omar Fawzy Cinema Psychology: Crash The movie Crash explains social psychology concepts through stereotypes and people’s relationships. It touches on many social psychological concepts and theories through the representation of American society’s racial diversity and discrimination. The American community contains many races. This diversity, although culturally beneficial, can in some cases lead to conflict. The movie examines a group of different people living in Los Angeles and the social system, which are their social relationships as they come into contact with each other. The characters are reprehensive of American society as they are chosen to show the diversity in the city and there are people representative of the Los Angeles community. The main themes of the movie, which all the rest of the concepts communicate around are discrimination, prejudice and stereotyping. The movie displays the fundamental attribution error concept, also called the correspondence bias, describes, â€Å"The tendency, in explaining other people’s behavior, to overestimate personality factors and underestimate the influence of the situation. (Wade and Tavris, pg 338) This concept portrays racism from both sides. While White people, represented by Sandra Bullock, assume that all African Americans, as well as Latinos as dangerous, the African Americans, represented by Ludacris, assume that all White people are racist. In both cases, they are stereotyping people’s intentions and their nature because of their race. In addition to race, a person’s physical image can also create stereotypes which is â€Å"a summary impression of a group in which a person belives that all members of the group share a common trait or traits (Wade and Tavris, Pg 352) Ludacris is portrayed as a bald guy with tattoos all over his body. His physical appearance also contributes to Sandra Bullock’s stereotype of him as a gangbanger because that is the mental representation she has of these types of people. The Self-fulfilling prophecy theory is also seen in the movie through Sandra Bullock and Ludacris’s relationship. Self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation that is fulfilled because of the tendency of the person holding it to act in ways that bring it out (Wade and Tavris, Page 493) This was seen when Ludacris noticed that Sandra bullock was afraid of him, and so he attacked her and her husband and hijacked their car. On the other hand, African Americans in the movie, especially Ludacris, assumed that all White people were racists, which is also a fundamental attribution error, as they attributed certain characteristics to people based on generalization. Another social concept that was seen in this example is peer pressure. Ludacris’s friend gave in to peer pressure, the influence exerted by peers upon each other to behave a certain way, when he let Ludacris convince him to hijack Bullock’s car. Another social relationship that portrayed racial stereotypes was Mat Dillon’s Cop character and his partner officer Hansen. While Dillon was portrayed as a racist character, his partner was not racist. That however did not stop him from getting affected by Matt Dillon’s points of view. His automatic thinking led him to hastily shoot a black man hitchhiker because he thought he was pulling a gun from his pocket when he was pulling a small statue of a saint. This was mainly due to priming, which is â€Å"a method for analyzing implicit memory in which a person reads or listens to information and is later tested to see whether the information affects performance on another type of task† (Wade and Tavris, Pg 213) If Mat Dillon had not primed his opinions on Hansen, perhaps he would not have automatically shot the man and assumed bad conduct and threat. Through this storyline we see how stereotypes develop. Although Hansen is not racist, one experience he had with an African American made him think that they are all the same, dangerous. The movie discuses how discrimination becomes a stereotype out of habit. We are shown the evolution of stereotypes throughout the movie. As the stereotype begins initially as just the way people perceive each other, it develops into death threats by the end of the movie. Ryan Philippe displays blunt bystander apathy, where in crowds when someone is in trouble, individuals often fail to take action or call for help because they assume that someone else will do so (Wade and Tavris, Page 347). Ryan does that during the search, as does the husband. The bystander apathy is shown through Ryan Philippe who displays altruism throughout the movie apart from the end. The husband, Terrence Howard, has a bystander effect as well during the first encounter with the police. This changes however, the second time where he shows a misattribution of arousal because he has mixed up feelings and nothing had happened where he had done something wrong in front of the police but he was still furious at the police because of the first encounter, which is why he is mad for no reason the second time. The many social psychology concepts in the movie are represented through the characters. For example, the locksmith, Michael Peà ±a, shows an altruistic personality throughout the whole movie. He prefers to help others with no benefit, and sometimes even a cost to himself. Also, Sandra Bullock represents self-awareness by the end of the movie, as she realizes her personality and that gets angry all the time. She becomes more aware of her actions and behavior. The ‘feel good do good’ theory is shown through Ludacris’s when he frees the Asians from the van, and then laughs out of joy. By helping someone else, he put himself in a good mood. Survival instinct is portrayed in the movie through Ludacris and his friend’s accident. After they run over a man, they deliberated helping him at first because they could have gotten into trouble. This act of pro social behavior was done as a result of the â€Å"feel bad, do good† concept. Their guilt because of what they did made them stop and help him, as well as their desire to save themselves from the trouble they could get into if they are caught. Racism is further portrayed through Matt Dillon’s partner when he goes to the African American chief of police to complain about Dillon’s racist actions against black civilians. The chief refuses to take action because he fears that the racist system of the police department would take away his job. Furthermore, the concept of appraisal theory (Wade and Tavris, Pg 457) is portrayed through Sandra Bullock’s fear, and refusal to express it. As a result, she got attacked with a gun and then goes on to m ake a social cognition, which is defined as â€Å"how people’s perceptions of themselves and others affect their relationships and how the social environment influence thoughts beliefs and values† (Wade and Tavris, Pg 338) and another fundamental attribution error about the locksmith changing the key and going to sell it. Works Cited Tavris, Carol, and Carole Wade.Invitation to Psychology. 5th ed. 2011. eBook.

Pen Y Bryn The Princes’ Tower :: British History

Pen Y Bryn The Princes’ Tower Wales has long been known as a country of myth and magic. She hides her secrets in her hollow hills. Pen Y Bryn, The Princes’ Tower is the latest treasure that has come to light and one of the most fascinating. In 1992 Kathryn and Brian Pritchard Gibson bought what they believed to be a thirty-six acre chicken farm with a 17th century Elizabethan manor house and it has changed their lives dramatically. The stone manor and out buildings are nestled against a forested hill in Snowdonia. It is just north of Bangor above the shores of Abergwyngregyn, ‘the mouth of the white shell river’ overlooking the Menai Straights with the mountains forming a protective backdrop behind. Kathryn Gibson says, The locals, it seems, have always called the house Twr Llewelyn, or Llewelyn’s Tower. They told us that’s where the princes lived and that below it there’s a Roman settlement and a bronze age fort. When asked how they came by this knowledge they always answ ered, "Nain (Grandmother) told me." It was only the academics who ignored this local lore that had been handed down for centuries. When you first see the house it is obvious the tower is by far the oldest section. You can also see where windows and doors have been blocked up. There is a distinct difference in the stones or the tower and those of the rest of the house but it has only recently been authenticated that the tower does indeed date back to Llewelyn’s time. Shortly after moving in the Gibsons noticed a hollow sound in a part of the living room floor. Pulling up floorboards they quickly discovered secret stairways, hidden rooms, hollow walls, tunnels, tales of princes and prisoners, lovers and war. As Kathryn Gibson says "We live in the middle of a giant historical jigsaw puzzle." In fact Pen y Bryn is the lost palace of the Princes Llywelyn, Llywelyn Fawr (the Great) and his grandson, Llywelyn the Last, dating back to 1211. It is where Joan, King John’s daughter and wife of Llywelyn Fawr lived and died, and it holds the key to the tragic story of Gwenllian, the first and last true born Pri ncess of Wales. Gwenllian was the only daughter of Llywelyn the Last. Llewelyn had reluctantly been granted the title of "Prince of Wales" in perpetuity by the English crown at the Treaty of Montgomery in 1267.

Income Inequality

Currently there are many problems and flaws with the way the Canadian government’s policies deal with healthcare, income inequality and poverty. Time to time changes in policies have been made, perhaps to improve these issues, however, the gap between rich and poor keeps increasing and there is very little improvement in healthcare and the economy. In fact, healthcare keeps on becoming costly. Major issues like income inequality and poverty are not being taken care of by the government. According to Dr. Raphael (2002) poverty is caused by several reasons such as inequality in people’s income, weak social services and lack of other social supports (p. VI). He states, â€Å"Poverty directly harms the health of those with low incomes while income inequality affects the health of all Canadians through the weakening of social infrastructure and the destruction of social cohesion. †(Raphael, 2002, p. VI) Income inequality and poverty are interrelated with the way government structures policy decisions in its social and economic sphere (Raphael, 2002, p. VI). Dr. Raphael (2002) also claims that the health effects of poverty is strongly related to income inequality and poverty because societies that has high levels of poverty is bound to be economically unequal (p. 4). Canada’s government policies are inefficient in preventing income inequality and poverty. We do not get to see the whole picture as to how the Canadian government ignores and/or fails to provide services in all parts of Canada who requires improvement of healthcare, prevent income inequality and poverty. People who are living in urban areas are extensively lacking access to healthcare. The population in rural areas of Canada are lower than the population in urban areas. As a result, the government provides less healthcare in rural, northern and remote areas (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. III). I believe government is able to do this because people in cities knows less and/or cares less about people living in rural and remote areas. And perhaps government purposely ignores these people in rural areas. For decades aboriginal people living in these areas has been deprived of their rights whether it was healthcare, social assistance, jobs and access to daily needs and services. These aboriginal people often face issues such as poverty and occupational hazards (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. III). The reason these problems occur is because government policies are not implemented properly in these areas and the health care professionals in these areas are also not trained properly and there are less staff members workings at these rural areas (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). There are shortages of doctors and nurses. There is less community health services in these areas. Also these areas are purposely given less funding by government and private organizations (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). The reports are not being prepared accurately for these areas and government does not make enough efforts to evaluate these reports properly (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). Some of the major healthcare services are lacking, such as major trauma, mental health services, palliative care, aged care, dental health services and children with special needs. I n most areas these services are not offered and sometimes culturally and linguistically they are not available (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. V). This means that in many cases a patient has to travel a great distance in order to get these services and this means spending a great deal of money from their own pocket and if they do not have it, they have no choice but to receive no services or care (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 25). Also women's healthcare is a significant issue in rural areas. They have difficulties with giving births as there are not enough medically trained doctors for deliveries in rural areas (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 25). They often rely on family physicians and physicians trained in anaesthesiology to have deliveries done. Also there has been many closers of hospitals in these rural areas. As a result, now women too have to travel a great distance to have their deliveries done by a professional. Some women have to reach cities 1 month prior to their delivery and pay all their own expenses (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 25) Because of all these hospital closures and reduced services now there are problems with surgical procedures and pharmacists. Most of the doctors and pharmacists does not stay long in these areas. They leave the community and return to cities (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 26) Also these rural areas do not receive much care for alcohol problems and HIV/AIDS. These services are poorly served. Aboriginals are also not given proper education in how to prevent these diseases (Hay, Varga-Toth, Hines, 2006, p. 26). These are some major issues that government fails to address or as it seems they choose purposely to ignore because these issues has been going on for decades. The government should be a bit responsible with making better policies and taking expert advices constantly to improve the policies. That is why we pay high taxes and high price for goods and services, so that the government should be always on their toe and working hard to make sure we get better and efficient policies. Policies that would help reduce inequalities and poverty in Canada. There are problems in cities too regarding healthcare access. Access such as emergency services, diagnostic equipment and medical specialist are problematic (Soroka, 2007, p. 15). Wait times get longer and longer each year (Soroka, 2007, p. 5). For example, a 50 year old women would have to wait 6 months for her biopsy, a 65 year old man who needs hip replacement has to wait 6-12 months for the surgery (Soroka, 2007, p. 15). There are also delays and lack of service for home care for senior citizens and elderly mentally challenged people. According to author Soroka (2007) 87 percent Canadians claim t hat there is a great amount of lacking in the number of doctors and nurses (p. 16). This happens because government is failing to provide more money to hire more doctors and nurses (Soroka, 2007, p. 16). Yet, the government brings in many immigrant doctors and nurses based on their education who still can not find a job in Canada. So it seems that even when there is qualified doctors and nurses available, they government is failing or not investing enough amount of money to hire them. According to Green and Milligan (2007) the gap between Canada’s rich and poor has increased significantly from year 1980 to 2000 (p. 3). The study shows that rich and poor are heading in different directions at an extreme level where the top 1% earners and CEOs only getting richer while middle and the poor only gets poorer (Green & Milligan, 2007, P. ). As an example Green and Milligan (2007) shows that during 1980 to 2000 top 5% Canadian earners earned about $121,260 disposable income where as the bottom 5% families had only $3,104 as disposable income (p. 3). This means that the top earners had 39 times higher income bottom 5% earners (Green & Milligan, 2007, p. 3). The study suggests that the Canadian government’s used income tax policies in order to widen this gap of inequality between rich and poor (Green & Milligan, 2007, p. 4). Green and Milligan (2007) states, â€Å"In 2000, the top 10% of income earners had a disposable income of approximately $97,000. That’s 16 times more than the average of $5,900 earned by the bottom 10% of income earners. †(P. 7) While top earners income rose, the bottom earners income remained the same (Green & Milligan, 2007, p. 7). Also in a Globe & Mail newspaper article author Tavia Grant (2008) points out that an average earner in the year 2005 earned about $41,401 which is almost the same as an average earner 1980 who earned $41,348 (p. 2). Therefore, it is evident that the poor and less advantaged are being kept at the same level of income and resources, while expenses and prices of goods and services has always gone up. As a result, it is the middle and the poor class who suffers by paying the price unfairly, because their income never increase and also their income stayed at the same level for 20 years. According to Grant (2008) 11. 4 percent lives below low income which is considered a poverty line (p. 3). Also immigrants in Canada earn way less then a Canadian born worker. Statistics show that immigrant men earned 63 cents for each dollar a Canadian-born worker earns (Grant, 2008, p. 3). In general, women earn about 85 cents for every dollar men earn (Grant, 2008, p. 3). Lower income deprives basic needs of human life, it leads to depression and it also leads to poverty sometimes. According to Mikkonen & Raphael (2010) Canada’s richest neighbourhood’s residents on average, live four years more than the poorest neighbourhood (p. 12). Their study finds that the most deprived Canadians had 28% higher death rates than the least deprived Canadians. Also health issues are a major concern because the poor has far more health issues like heart attacks and diabetes (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010, p. 12). They lack resource and information. The poorest neighbourhoods also have a much higher suicide rate (Mikkonen & Raphael, 2010, p. 12). Therefore, in Canada it is evident that income inequality is not being addressed by government policies, it is depriving and affecting the poor and the immigrants, and it is also making them vulnerable where it becomes really difficult to climb out of their situation. Sweden’s government has a different policy for income inequality and poverty. As author Palme (2006) indicates that Sweden’s government is doing well in promoting reduction in poverty and inequality (P. 16). Swedish government has a universal model of social protection. This social protection plan reaches out to venerable people in both rural and urban areas. This plan protects women’s labour force, aging population, all kinds of workers and salary based employees (Palme, 2006, p. 16). The plan also combines both public and private sector where improvement is necessary. There are three basic parts o this program. First, family support and old-age pension program which comes under citizenship benefits. Secondly, for different sectors of society there is a universal scheme which is the social earning insurance. Finally, there is housing benefits and social assistance in which income is verified and tested for families with elders and children (Palme, 2006, p. 16). By using these tactics the Swedish government has been successful in reducing overall inequalities to some extent (Palme, 2006, p. 16). Our government has somewhat similar policies for social services and assistance. However, Sweden pushes the boundaries in making the policies better and providing better services to its citizen. Perhaps Canadian government should also look to other countries and/or advices, it does not have to be Sweden, but they should at least try and find different policies that works better for Canadians. One of the major crisis that the Canadian middle and the working class is facing today is coming out of the 2008 world wide recession. Minimum wage is still very low compared to the rising prices of goods and expenses. During the recession people lost jobs, hours were cut and a lot of people were laid off. In order to survive and pay their bills, a lot of low income Canadians had no choice but to borrow and acquire huge amounts of debts. However, most of the top earners and CEOs kept the same paycheques that they were earning before the recession, while the working class took and are still taking most of the financial blow (CBC News, 2011). This makes their lives even more difficult. Therefore, much of countries capital money is circulating at the top, the vast middle and working class does not have the purchasing power to keep the economy flowing. For a short term goal I would like to propose ‘tax reforms’. Tax reforms that is going to reduce taxes for middle and the working class. Also provide a wage support. Increase marginal income tax on the top earners and limit their earnings. There are a lot of elites and CEOs in Canada who are fortunate and skilled enough to earn a very high income. For example, if someone is earning $500, 000 or $5 million a year then they should pay much higher income tax than what they are paying now. Their tax money should be used not only to evenly distribute, but they should be used to better health services, education, social services and transportation. This way it will not only circulate the money back to middle and working class but it will also help families and individual advance in their life. This helps society as a whole. There are several reasons why government should accept my policy rather than accepting others policies. It is common sense that first and the most important basic need for human is being stable mentally and physically. To maintain this stability you need food, shelter, health, clothing and most importantly education. When people are deprived of these basic needs because of poverty or less income, then the outcome might only be negative consequences and there also might be a social crisis. A society cannot function and/or improve without meeting these basic needs. A society also cannot improve without better education, better healthcare and better social assistances. Therefore, government of Canada should look to invest in poor and hard working people with low income, by providing their basic needs and by educating them in different areas of the policies we have and how to get help from different social assistance programs. Perhaps the government should also take public opinions, discussions and ideas into consideration while making major decisions and policies because it’s the people’s problems that they need to address and the only way to address them is to find out first hand what the real problems are, and what are the best means by which the government can provide efficient and helpful service to the public. The government should also improve income distribution and tax policies. I believe there is no better investment than investing in every person in society and government should focus on improving human capital. In the long run, investing in improvement of human capital improves society and mankind as a whole.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki essays

Hiroshima and Nagasaki essays This report is to discuss the dropping of the nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end World War II. Many people believe that this was the only way to get Emperor Hirohito of Japan to surrender to the United States. Some believe that there were other reasons for dropping the bombs. A couple of those reasons were for revenge on Pearl Harbor and to show the world that we had the power to destroy any country that wanted to intrude on the United States. One of the main reasons though, was to save hundreds of thousands of Americans lives and to possibly save lives of many Japanese. Some veterans of the war were asked about the issue, they quoted I thank God that those atomic bombs were dropped. I wouldnt be here if they hadnt. The dropping of the bombs saved the lives of all of us being held in Japan. There isnt one prisoner who wasnt told they were dead if the Americans invaded Japan. We were looking forward to an invasion, but we knew we might not be around to see it. No one should think that war is humanitarian, that you just shoot the enemy in the legs. I feel sorry for the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki who suffered when the atomic bombs were dropped, but can look at all the atrocities the Japanese committed and know these bombs were appropriate means to wage war. We felt little pity or concern for the Japanese then, and we thought the bomb was a wonderful thing to bring the war to an end. I would have been glad to drop the bombs myself. These opinions of many people in the war go to show the attitudes of the soldiers at the time of the war. You cannot change the past and the United States did what they had to do to win the war. For more than four years the Americans sacrificed their lives to the war and they killed thousands of Japanese, but they were not about to give in. The Japanese were not going to gi ...